Travelling languages? Land, languaging and translation

What does translation become if we uncouple language from culture and link language to perception and experience of the land? What would happen to translation if the culture concept was not the starting point for theorizing? In order to answer this question I examine the contributions of Eagleton, Keesing, Cronin and, most particularly, of the anthropologist Tim Ingold and his important work The Perception of the Environment. From this I then proceed to examine pertinent extracts of the works of two Celtic authors; Brian Friel's Translations and Margaret Elphinstone's A Sparrow's Flight in order to develop a relationally grounded view of translation. This view privileges both the land and the work of languaging as key aspects of translation, inhabiting positions in the world, rather than constructing and mediating views of the world. I therefore come to see translation as a mode of perception, a sensory even empathic mode, a languaging response to phenomena, its primary relationship, not with culture and genealogy but as positionality – in and with the land and to develop towards a geopoetics of the taskscape of the translator

Ludic literacies at the intersections of cultures: an interview with James Paul Gee

Professor James Gee addresses issues of linguistics, literacies and cultures. Gee emphasises the importance of Discourses, and argues that the future of literacy studies lies in the interrogation of new media and the globalisation of culture

Criminal victimisation, crime control and political action

This thesis outlines the emergence of victimology as a major subdiscipline within criminology. Its growth is traced to intellectual debates and problematics in the history of criminology, and the interactions with wider political and social currents. Chapter I provides an overview of literature in victimology, its scope and areas of theory and research. Chapter II examines the context of the 'discovery of criminal victimisation' by the President's Crime Commission, 1967, and, the linking of state intervention in crime and poverty in the reformism of the Johns on Administration. Victimology' s growth is linked to the 'data revolution' in criminal justice and. the state fundine of victimisation surveys through the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration. Chapter III analyses the alliance between sooial science and social democracy, and Chapter IV deals with the alliance of criminologists and social reformism in relation to the political history of crime statistics. The latter's problems are assessed in relation to the 'dark figure' of crime, and the roles of police and victims. The chapter also evaluates the claims that victimisation surveys are a superior method of counting crime. Chapter V examines the orientation towards victims. in social democratic, right-wing and radical criminologies. Chapter VI traces the intellectual and political backgrounds of the Merseyside and Islington Crime Surveys, including the debates within the Labour Party on policing and crime, and the alliance between radical v. reformists and left-realist criminologists. Chapter VII describes the design of a draft questionnaire for the Islington Crime Survey and offers a critical comparison of the questionnaires for the final Islington and Merseyside questionnaires and those used in other surveys. Chapter VIII summarizes the themes and findings of this thesis and comments upon the theoretical methodological and policy issues for the development of a radical victimology

The public health importance of scabies in community domiciliary care settings: an exploratory cross-sectional survey of health protection teams in England

Scabies is a contagious skin infection commonly occurring in institutions such as care homes. However, a large proportion of vulnerable people in England receive domiciliary care in the community and their experience of scabies has not been described. We undertook a pragmatic cross-sectional survey of Health Protection Teams (HPTs) in England to determine the burden of scabies related to domiciliary care. Fifteen cases or outbreaks were notified to HPTs between January 2013 and December 2017. Although a relatively uncommon event for individual HPTs, they were complex to manage and required the co-ordination of multiple stakeholders. Diagnosis was often delayed and required several clinical consultations. A lack of guidance led to difficulties establishing stakeholder roles and responsibilities and sources of funding for treatment. The stigmatisation of scabies sometimes affected the quality of care provided to patients, such as use of excessive personal protective equipment. Our study demonstrates that scabies is an issue of public health importance for domiciliary care service providers and users, and research is required to better understand the impacts of the disease and to develop evidence-based guidance. More generally, there is a need for simpler treatment regimens and methods of diagnosing scabies

Removing Orbital Debris with Lasers

Orbital debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are now sufficiently dense that the use of LEO space is threatened by runaway collisional cascading. A problem predicted more than thirty years ago, the threat from debris larger than about 1 cm demands serious attention. A promising proposed solution uses a high power pulsed laser system on the Earth to make plasma jets on the objects, slowing them slightly, and causing them to re-enter and burn up in the atmosphere. In this paper, we reassess this approach in light of recent advances in low-cost, light-weight modular design for large mirrors, calculations of laser-induced orbit changes and in design of repetitive, multi-kilojoule lasers, that build on inertial fusion research. These advances now suggest that laser orbital debris removal (LODR) is the most cost-effective way to mitigate the debris problem. No other solutions have been proposed that address the whole problem of large and small debris. A LODR system will have multiple uses beyond debris removal. International cooperation will be essential for building and operating such a system.Comment: 37 pages, 15 figures, in preparation for submission to Advances in Space Researc

Feds 200, Indians ): the Burden of Proof in the Federal / Indian Fiduciary Relationship

Great nations, like great men, should keep their word. \u27 Justice Black, in his dissent in Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation, encapsulated the failures of two centuries of the United States\u27 relationship with its native Indians. Since establishing the first tentative treaties of the Revolutionary era, the United States has made many broad promises to the Indians. These promises, detailed first in treaties and later in statutes, drew the government and the Indians into a fiduciary relationship. Although this relationship would have consequences for federal/Indian interactions, raising the level of care with which the government would treat its native beneficiaries, its full potential has remained unrealized.4 In 1960, Justice Black\u27s simple principle fell on deaf ears. Today, courts have the opportunity to listen. The scope of the federal/Indian fiduciary relationship has escaped precise definition in part because of the elusive nature of all fiduciary interactions. A fiduciary relationship, like that between the federal government and the Indians, usually overlays statutorily regulated ties between parties in trust-based relationships. The fiduciary relationship regulates the manner in which the fiduciary fulfills legal duties to the dependant party, providing a veil through which courts view the fiduciary\u27s execution of other, more specific obligations. Because of its lack of independent shape, this notion of heightened responsibility may appear a concept in search of a principle.\u27 In fact, fiduciary responsibilities require substantive principles, existing only in symbiotic relationship with the firm guidelines of trust, agency, tort and contract law. This notion, adopted from equity\u27s breach of confidence concerns, boasts broad utilization in modern law. The two basic fiduciary duties, the duty of care and the duty of loyalty, evolved from courts\u27 progressive generalizations of the requirements con- trolling the interactions between certain parties. As courts grew to expect high standards of care and loyalty in specific types of interactions, like those between a doctor and patient or a trustee and beneficiary, they imposed a higher level of responsibility in instances in which the parties, based on the type of relationship entered, would expect such a standard to apply (the archetypal model). Courts soon expanded this notion, attaching fiduciary responsibilities to non-archetypal arrangements in which the purpose of the relationship suggested elements of reliance and high expectations for loyalty and care (the purpose model). Even if a relationship did not fit the archetypal or purpose models, courts often found facts or circumstances that could impose fiduciary responsibilities (the circumstantial model). When a relationship included elements of dominance, influence, vulnerability, trust, or dependency, courts frequently applied fiduciary obligations to the substantive statutory guidelines. The expansions of fiduciary responsibility, however, were not unlimited: a relationship found fiduciary in one respect may not be so characterized in other aspects. In the words of L.S. Sealy, one cannot assume that what is fiduciary for one purpose is fiduciary for all purposes